Chemical Glossary

A

ABVN (Azox ABVN)

2,2'-Azobis-(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) (CAS 4419-11-8). Low-temperature AZO initiator decomposing at ~51°C. Used for PVC, PVA, and organic glass polymerization. Also serves as a foaming agent. Colorless clear liquid, purity ≥98%.

ACCN (Azox ACCN)

1,1-Azodi(hexahydrobenzonitrile) (CAS 2094-98-6). AZO initiator for acrylate/methacrylate solution polymerization at 60-105°C. Produces no oxygenated residues — ideal for transparent colored polymers. White crystal, purity ≥98%.

Acetic Anhydride

(CAS 108-24-7). Key acetylating agent for pharmaceutical synthesis (aspirin, paracetamol), cellulose acetate production, and pesticide intermediates. China Category I controlled chemical. UN 1715, Class 8+3.

Acetone (Propanone)

(CAS 67-64-1). High-purity industrial solvent for polymer/resin dissolution and pharmaceutical crystallization. Boiling point 56.1°C. China Category II controlled chemical. UN 1090, Class 3.

Acetyl Acetone Peroxide (AAP)

Acetyl acetone peroxide (CAS 37187-22-7). Medium-reactivity ketone peroxide sold as Perodox 44B. Balanced gel time and cure speed for hand lay-up, spray-up, and filament winding FRP processes. Active oxygen content: 9.0%. Core product in the ketone peroxide curing agent family.

ACVA (Azox ACVA)

4,4'-Azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) (CAS 2638-94-0). Versatile water-soluble AZO initiator for PVC/PVA synthesis, battery electrolytes, and industrial foaming. Dual functionality in radical generation and catalysis. White crystalline, purity ≥98%.

Acrylic Resin

Thermoplastic polymers derived from acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or acrylate monomers. Used in coatings, adhesives, cast sheets, and molding compounds. Our Perodox and Azox initiators serve as polymerization initiators for acrylic systems.

Active Oxygen Content

A measure of the oxidizing power of an organic peroxide, expressed as weight percent of active (peroxy) oxygen. Critical for calculating initiator loading in polymerization recipes. Values range from ~4% to ~18% across our product lines.

Acyl Peroxide

A class of organic peroxides containing the -C(O)O-OC(O)- functional group. Includes BPO (dibenzoyl peroxide) and dilauroyl peroxide. Used as curing agents and low-to-medium temperature polymerization initiators. Our portfolio includes 5 acyl peroxide grades.

ADA (Azox ADA)

Azodicarbonamide (CAS 123-77-3). High-efficiency blowing agent for polymer foaming (PVC, rubber, EVA). Decomposes at 190-205°C releasing nitrogen, CO, CO₂ and ammonia. Faint yellow powder, purity ≥97%.

AIBA (Azox AIBA)

2,2'-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (CAS 2997-92-4). Water-soluble AZO initiator for cationic polymer production — acrylamide and acrylic acid polymerization. Decomposes at 170-175°C. White crystalline powder, purity ≥98%.

AIBI / VA-044 (Azox AIBI)

2,2'-Azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (CAS 27776-21-2). Water-soluble AZO initiator with high initiation efficiency. Decomposition products are non-toxic and cyanide-free. White crystalline powder, purity ≥98%.

AIBME (Azox AIBME)

Dimethyl 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionate) (CAS 2589-57-3). AZO initiator for polymer polyol (POP) production. White crystal with slight yellow tint. Melting point 22-28°C. Purity ≥98%.

AIBN (Azox AIBN)

2,2'-Azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (CAS 78-67-1). The most widely used AZO initiator for PVC, PVA, PS, and PP polymerization. Also used as a rubber/plastic foaming agent. White crystalline powder, purity ≥99%. Decomposes at 64-67°C.

Alkyl Peroxide

Dialkyl peroxides (R-OO-R) — the most thermally stable organic peroxide class. Decomposition temperatures range from 92-175°C. Key crosslinking agents for EPDM, EVA, PE, and silicone rubber. Our portfolio includes 9 alkyl peroxide products under the Perodox brand.

Aluminoxane

Oligomeric aluminum-oxygen compounds used as co-catalysts in olefin polymerization. Include MAO (methylaluminoxane) and modified variants (MMAO, IBAO). Act as activators for metallocene and Ziegler-Natta single-site catalysts.

Aluminum Alkyl

Organoaluminum compounds (e.g., DEAC, DIBAL-H, EADC) used as co-catalysts in Ziegler-Natta polymerization. Highly reactive and pyrophoric — require stringent inert-atmosphere handling. Our metal alkyls portfolio includes 10 aluminum alkyl products.

AMBN (Azox AMBN)

2,2'-Azodi(2-methylbutyronitrile) (CAS 13472-08-7). AZO initiator for bulk, solution, suspension, and emulsion polymerization of styrene, vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile, acrylates, and methacrylates. Better solubility than AIBN. White crystals, purity ≥98%.

Azox (Brand)

Do Sender Chem's proprietary brand for AZO initiators and blowing agents. Product line includes 10 grades: AIBN, ABVN, ACCN, AMBN, CABN, AIBA, AIBME, AIBI (VA-044), ACVA, and ADA — covering polymerization initiation and foaming applications.

B

Blowing Agent

A chemical additive that decomposes at elevated temperatures to generate gas bubbles within a polymer matrix, creating foam structures. Our Azox ADA (azodicarbonamide) is the primary blowing agent, decomposing at 190-205°C to release nitrogen, CO, CO₂, and ammonia.

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) Peroxydicarbonate (EHP)

Bis(2-ethylhexyl) peroxydicarbonate (CAS 16111-62-9). Highly efficient peroxydicarbonate initiator sold as Perodox EHP. Ultra-fast decomposition at 45-55°C for vinyl chloride suspension polymerization. Active oxygen 4.6%. MW 346.46. Core initiator for PVC production with excellent conversion rates.

BPO — Benzoyl Peroxide

(CAS 94-36-0). Versatile acyl peroxide initiator sold as Perodox L75/50PS. Used for unsaturated polyester curing at room temperature, acrylic polymerization, and as a crosslinking agent. Decomposes at 70-80°C. Active oxygen content: 6.6%. Available in powder and paste forms.

Butanone / MEK

(CAS 78-93-3). Methyl Ethyl Ketone — versatile industrial solvent for paints, coatings, adhesives, and printing inks. Boiling point 79.6°C. China Category II controlled chemical. UN 1193, Class 3. Packaging: 190 kg drums, 950 kg IBC totes, ISO tanks.

Butyl 4,4-Di(tert-butylperoxy)valerate

Butyl 4,4-di(tert-butylperoxy)valerate (CAS 995-33-5). Accelerated bifunctional peroxyester sold as Perodox 17. Fast cure at 50-65°C for rapid FRP repair, small-part production, and UPR curing. Provides minimal post-cure requirements for fully developed mechanical properties.

Bulk Polymerization

A polymerization method where the monomer is polymerized without any solvent or dispersing medium. Used for PS, PMMA, and some acrylics. Requires initiators (e.g., Perodox 25) that are soluble in the monomer and provide controlled radical flux at the reaction temperature.

C

CABN (Azox CABN)

1-((Cyano-1-methylethyl)azo)formamide (CAS 10288-28-5). Water/methanol-soluble AZO initiator with asymmetric azo terminal structure. Used for radical polymerization of vinyl monomers (acrylics, acrylamide). Yellow crystalline powder, purity ≥98%.

CAS Number

Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number — a unique numerical identifier assigned to every chemical substance. All 53 Do Sender Chem products are identified by their CAS numbers for unambiguous specification in procurement, regulatory, and technical documentation.

Chain-Shuttling Agent

A chemical that reversibly transfers growing polymer chains between catalyst sites, enabling block copolymer synthesis. DEZ (Diethylzinc) is a key chain-shuttling agent for olefin block copolymer (OBC) production, providing precise control over polymer architecture.

Co-catalyst

A secondary catalyst component that activates or enhances the primary catalyst. In Ziegler-Natta polymerization, aluminum alkyls (DEAC, EASC, DIBAC) serve as co-catalysts, converting the transition metal catalyst precursor into the active polymerization species.

Crosslinking Agent

A chemical that creates covalent bonds between polymer chains, forming a three-dimensional network. Improves mechanical strength, thermal stability, and chemical resistance. Our organic peroxides (Perodox DCP, Perodox 14, Perodox 101) and co-agents (TAC, TAIC, TMPTMA) are industry-standard crosslinking systems.

Crosslinking Co-Agent

A multifunctional monomer added to peroxide-cured elastomers to increase crosslink density, reduce chain scission, and improve mechanical properties. Our polymer agents include TAC, TAIC (triallyl compounds), TMPTMA, TMPTA (acrylate co-agents), and TMAIC (specialty co-agent).

Cumyl Hydroperoxide

Cumyl hydroperoxide (CAS 80-15-9). High-purity hydroperoxide initiator sold as Perodox K. Decomposes at 80-90°C with 8.2% active oxygen. MW 152.19. Widely applied as polymerization initiator for styrene, acrylonitrile, ABS resin, and styrene-butadiene rubber production. Also used as a rubber crosslinking agent.

CR (Chloroprene Rubber / Neoprene)

Synthetic rubber with excellent oil, chemical, and weather resistance. Crosslinked using metal oxides or organic peroxides. Our TMTD and DPTT serve as vulcanization accelerators for CR compounds requiring high-temperature service performance.

Curing Agent

A chemical that initiates and controls the hardening (cure) of thermoset resins. Our organic peroxides (MEKP, BPO, TBPB, peroxyesters) serve as curing agents for unsaturated polyester (UPR) and vinyl ester resins in FRP composites, coatings, and adhesives.

D

1,1-Di(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane

1,1-Di(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane (CAS 6731-36-8). High-purity dialkyl peroxide sold as Perodox 29. Designed for polyolefin modification and crosslinking at 145-165°C. Optimized for continuous extrusion processes requiring consistent initiator performance.

1,1-Di(tert-butylperoxy)cyclohexane

1,1-Di(tert-butylperoxy)cyclohexane (CAS 3006-86-8). Specialty dialkyl peroxide sold as Perodox 22. Crosslinking agent for silicone rubber and fluoroelastomer (FKM) applications at 100-120°C. Provides high crosslink density with minimal volatile by-products. Key product for automotive and medical-grade elastomers.

2,2-Di(tert-butylperoxy)butane

2,2-Di(tert-butylperoxy)butane (CAS 2167-23-9). Cost-effective dialkyl peroxide sold as Perodox D. Alternative to DCP with comparable crosslinking at 130-140°C in EPDM, EVA, and wire & cable insulation. Delivers excellent scorch safety and consistent crosslink density.

2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-di(2-ethylhexanoylperoxy)hexane

2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-di(2-ethylhexanoylperoxy)hexane (CAS 13052-09-0). Medium-temperature peroxyester sold as Perodox 141. Decomposes at 70-90°C for acrylic and methacrylic cast sheet and molding compound production. Bifunctional initiator providing consistent polymer architecture.

2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane

2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane (CAS 78-63-7). Versatile bifunctional dialkyl peroxide sold as Perodox 101. Decomposes at ~92°C with 11.0% active oxygen. MW 290.44. Widely used for PE, EPDM, silicone rubber, and POP/POE crosslinking. Provides excellent crosslinking efficiency with balanced scorch safety.

DBP / DHPB

1,2,3,6,7,8,9,10,11,12-Decahydrobenzopyrene (CAS 92387-50-3). Specialty rubber processing aid and plasticizer sold as DBP (DHPB). Excellent compatibility with natural and synthetic rubbers. Reduces Mooney viscosity in highly filled compounds. Yellow to amber liquid/solid, purity ≥95%.

DCP — Dicumyl Peroxide

(CAS 80-43-3). Premium alkyl peroxide sold as Perodox DCP. Industry standard for EPDM, EVA, PE, and silicone rubber crosslinking. Decomposes at ~130°C. Active oxygen 5.9%. MW 270.37. Widely used in wire & cable, footwear, and automotive seal applications.

DEAC

Diethylaluminum chloride (CAS 96-10-6). Aluminum alkyl co-catalyst for Ziegler-Natta olefin polymerization. Used in PE and PP catalyst systems. MW 120.62. Pyrophoric liquid — requires inert atmosphere handling.

DEAL-E

Diethylaluminum ethoxide (CAS 1586-92-1). Aluminum alkyl co-catalyst for olefin polymerization. Provides controlled reactivity in Ziegler-Natta systems. MW 130.21.

Decomposition Temperature

The temperature at which an initiator undergoes thermal decomposition to generate free radicals. For organic peroxides, the Self-Accelerating Decomposition Temperature (SADT) is critical for safe storage and transport. Half-life data at specific temperatures guide initiator selection for given processes.

DEZ — Diethylzinc

(CAS 557-20-0). Zinc alkyl used as a chain-shuttling agent in olefin block copolymer polymerization. Enables precise control over polymer architecture in OBC production. MW 123.51. Pyrophoric liquid.

DIBAC

Diisobutylaluminum chloride (CAS 1779-25-5). Aluminum alkyl co-catalyst for Ziegler-Natta olefin polymerization. Enhanced stability and selectivity in polyolefin catalyst systems. MW 176.73.

DIBAL-H

Diisobutylaluminum hydride (CAS 1191-15-7). Aluminum alkyl used as co-catalyst in Ziegler-Natta polymerization and as a selective reducing agent in pharmaceutical intermediate synthesis. MW 142.28.

DMZ — Dimethylzinc

(CAS 544-97-8). Zinc alkyl reagent for pharmaceutical synthesis, including asymmetric transformation reactions. MW 95.45. Pyrophoric liquid.

Dosender (Brand)

Do Sender Chem's primary brand for metal alkyls, polymer agents, and precursor-controlled chemicals. Spanning 31 products across aluminum alkyls, zinc alkyls, magnesium alkyls, aluminoxanes, vulcanization accelerators, crosslinking co-agents, and regulated industrial chemicals.

DPTT

Dipentamethylenethiuram Tetrasulfide (CAS 120-54-7). Sulfur-donor vulcanization accelerator providing efficient mono- and polysulfide crosslinks with excellent heat aging resistance. For CR, NR, and EPDM compounds in high-temperature service. Off-white to pale yellow powder, purity ≥97%. MW 384.66.

DTBP — Di-tert-Butyl Peroxide

(CAS 110-05-4). High-temperature dialkyl peroxide initiator sold as Perodox B. Decomposition range 130-175°C. Active oxygen 10.9%. Used for acrylic polymerization, polyolefin crosslinking, and PP vis-breaking. MW 146.23.

Di(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl) Peroxide

Di(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl) peroxide (CAS 133-14-2). Performance-grade acyl peroxide sold as Perodox PD. Fast-curing agent for FRP/UPR at 65-75°C, including marine composites. Enhanced shelf stability while maintaining rapid ambient-temperature cure for demanding environments.

Di(3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl) Peroxide

Di(3,5,5-trimethylhexanoyl) peroxide (CAS 3851-87-4). Fast-decomposing acyl peroxide sold as Perodox 36. Operates at 50-65°C for emulsion and suspension polymerization requiring rapid low-temperature initiation. Suited for specialty latex and dispersion processes.

Di(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl) Peroxydicarbonate

Di(4-tert-butylcyclohexyl) peroxydicarbonate (CAS 26748-47-0 / CAS 15520-11-3). Sold as Perodox 99 (60-80°C, for EVA/LDPE high-pressure polymerization) and Perodox 16 (45-60°C, for ambient-cure FRP with cobalt accelerators). Dual-product platform covering both polyolefin initiation and thermoset curing.

Di(tert-butylperoxyisopropyl)benzene

Di(tert-butylperoxyisopropyl)benzene (CAS 25155-25-3). High-performance bifunctional peroxide sold as Perodox 14. Crosslinking at 135-175°C with 9.3% active oxygen. MW 338.48. Excellent scorch safety for EPDM, EVA, silicone rubber, and POP/POE applications. Industry standard for wire & cable and automotive seals.

Diacyl Peroxide

Diacyl peroxide (CAS 3437-84-1). Medium-temperature acyl peroxide initiator sold as Perodox 187. Decomposes at 65-80°C for specialty polymer and acrylic production. Provides controlled radical flux for consistent molecular weight distribution in batch and continuous processes.

Dialkyl Peroxide Formulation

Dialkyl peroxide formulation (CAS 15667-10-4). Specialized initiator sold as Perodox 122. Decomposition at 140-160°C for controlled PP vis-breaking (viscosity adjustment) and graft copolymerization. Enables precise molecular weight control in polyolefin modification.

Dicetyl Peroxydicarbonate

Dicetyl peroxydicarbonate (CAS 26322-14-5). Stabilized peroxyester sold as Perodox 24. Decomposes at 80-100°C with extended shelf life for tropical and high-humidity storage. Multi-application initiator/curing agent maintaining performance across challenging logistics environments.

Dilauroyl Peroxide

Dilauroyl peroxide (CAS 105-74-8). Highly efficient acyl peroxide initiator sold as Perodox LUNA. Decomposes at 60-80°C with 4.0% active oxygen. MW 398.62. Core initiator for vinyl chloride (PVC) suspension polymerization — delivers consistent polymer quality and high conversion rates.

Dimyristyl Peroxydicarbonate

Dimyristyl peroxydicarbonate (CAS 53220-22-7). Economical peroxyester sold as Perodox 26. Decomposes at 85-105°C for cost-sensitive commodity polymer production. Reliable performance under standard processing conditions for high-volume bulk polymerization.

E

EADC

Ethylaluminum dichloride (CAS 563-43-9). Aluminum alkyl used as a Ziegler-Natta catalyst precursor and in olefin dimerization/oligomerization. Provides controlled Lewis acidity for selective catalysis. MW 126.99.

EASC

Ethylaluminum sesquichloride (CAS 12075-68-2). Balanced mixture of ethylaluminum dichloride and diethylaluminum chloride. Co-catalyst for Ziegler-Natta olefin polymerization. MW 247.56.

Emulsion Polymerization

A polymerization process where monomers are dispersed in water using surfactants, producing latex. Our Perodox 42 and Azox AMBN/CABN initiators are optimized for emulsion systems, providing consistent particle size distribution and high conversion rates.

EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer)

Synthetic rubber with outstanding weather, ozone, and heat resistance. Peroxide-cured EPDM uses our Perodox DCP, Perodox 14, Perodox 101, or Perodox D crosslinking agents. Major applications: automotive seals, wire & cable insulation, roofing membranes, and hoses.

Ester Peroxide / Peroxyester

Organic peroxides with the general structure R-C(O)O-OR'. The largest product family in our portfolio (22 products). Decomposition temperatures span 45-170°C. Major applications: LDPE/EVA high-pressure polymerization, acrylic/styrenic polymerization, UPR curing, PVC suspension polymerization.

EVA (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate)

Copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate. Crosslinked by organic peroxides (Perodox DCP, Perodox 14) for footwear soles, photovoltaic encapsulant films, and cable insulation. Our Perodox 99 is optimized for high-pressure EVA copolymerization.

F

FKM (Fluoroelastomer)

High-performance synthetic rubber with exceptional chemical and thermal resistance (up to 250°C). Crosslinked using peroxides (Perodox 22) with co-agents (TMAIC, TAIC). Used in aerospace, automotive, and oil & gas sealing applications.

Free Radical Initiator

A substance that thermally decomposes to generate free radicals, which initiate chain polymerization. The two main classes are organic peroxides (Perodox brand) and AZO compounds (Azox brand). Selection depends on decomposition temperature, half-life kinetics, and compatibility with the monomer/polymer system.

FRP (Fiber-Reinforced Plastic)

Composite materials consisting of a thermoset polymer matrix reinforced with fibers (typically glass). Our MEKP-based Perodox M/44B/301/HMa curing agents, BPO-based Perodox L75/50PS, and various peroxyesters are key curing agents for FRP hand lay-up, spray-up, pultrusion, and filament winding processes.

G

GHS (Globally Harmonized System)

An international standard by the United Nations for classifying and labeling chemicals. All Do Sender Chem products carry GHS-compliant labels with hazard pictograms, signal words (Danger/Warning), hazard statements (H-codes), and precautionary statements (P-codes). Essential for international trade compliance.

Graft Copolymerization

A polymerization process where monomer chains are attached (grafted) onto an existing polymer backbone. Initiated by organic peroxides (Perodox 122) that abstract hydrogen atoms from the backbone, creating radical sites for monomer attachment. Used for polymer modification and compatibilization.

H

Half-Life (t_1/2)

The time required for half of an initiator to decompose at a given temperature. The most critical parameter for initiator selection. Measured at 0.1M concentration in benzene or other appropriate solvent. Typical half-life data: 10-hour t_1/2 temperatures determine the processing window for a given polymerization process.

HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene)

Polyethylene produced via coordination polymerization using Ziegler-Natta or metallocene catalysts. Our metal alkyls (DEAC, EASC, IBAO-65) and aluminoxanes (MMAO series) serve as co-catalysts/activators in HDPE production.

Hydrochloric Acid

(CAS 7647-01-0). Industrial mineral acid (31-37% concentration) for steel pickling, PVC production, ion-exchange regeneration, and oil well acidizing. China Category III controlled chemical. UN 1789, Class 8. Packaging: 25-250 kg HDPE drums, 1,200 kg IBC totes, rubber-lined ISO tanks.

Hydroperoxide

Organic peroxides with the structure R-OOH. Used as polymerization initiators and as raw materials for other peroxide synthesis. Our Perodox K (cumyl hydroperoxide), Perodox A (TBHP), and Perodox TAHP (tert-amyl hydroperoxide) serve as initiators for ABS, PS, acrylic resin, and latex production.

I

IBAO-65

Isobutylaluminoxane Type 65 (CAS 220326-29-4). Aluminoxane co-catalyst for Ziegler-Natta olefin polymerization. Provides high activity and improved polymer morphology. Supplied as a solution. Part of our metal alkyls portfolio.

Initiator Efficiency

The fraction of generated radicals that actually initiate polymerization (vs. being consumed by side reactions). Affected by the cage effect, solvent viscosity, and radical stability. Typically 0.3-0.8 for most industrial initiators. Higher efficiency initiators (e.g., Azox AIBN) produce less waste and more consistent polymer molecular weight.

ISOPRENYL

Isoprenylaluminum (CAS 70024-64-5). Aluminum alkyl co-catalyst for Ziegler-Natta olefin polymerization. Provides unique stereochemical control in polyolefin synthesis. Part of our metal alkyls portfolio.

K

Ketone Peroxide

Organic peroxides derived from ketones, primarily MEKP (methyl ethyl ketone peroxide). The most widely used room-temperature curing agents for unsaturated polyester resins. Our Perodox M, 44B, 301, and HMa grades cover the full range from general-purpose to high-performance FRP applications.

Ketone Peroxide, High Monomeric (HMa)

Ketone peroxide, high monomeric (CAS 1338-23-4). Premium MEKP formulation sold as Perodox HMa. Enhanced monomeric content with 10.5% active oxygen for demanding FRP applications. Superior through-cure in filled resin systems, gel coats, and marine/transportation composites requiring maximum mechanical properties.

L

Latex

A stable dispersion (emulsion) of polymer microparticles in water. Produced via emulsion polymerization using initiators like Perodox A (TBHP), Perodox 42, or Azox AMBN. Used in paints, adhesives, carpet backing, gloves, and construction materials.

LDPE (Low-Density Polyethylene)

Produced by high-pressure free-radical polymerization (1,000-3,000 bar) using organic peroxides as initiators. Our Perodox 21, 99, and 117 are optimized for tubular and autoclave LDPE reactor processes, providing consistent initiation across a wide temperature range.

M

MAGALA BEM

n-Butylethylmagnesium (CAS 62202-86-2). Magnesium alkyl used as Mg-source for Ziegler-Natta PE/PP catalysts. Provides high catalyst activity and excellent polymer particle morphology. Supplied as heptane solution.

MEKP (Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide)

(CAS 1338-23-4). The most widely used room-temperature curing agent for unsaturated polyester resins. Sold as Perodox M and variants (Perodox 44B, 301, HMa). Formulated in dimethyl phthalate for safe handling. Adjustable active oxygen content for different gel times, exotherm profiles, and through-cure requirements in FRP fabrication.

Metal Alkyl

Organometallic compounds containing direct metal-carbon bonds. Highly reactive and often pyrophoric. Used as co-catalysts (aluminum alkyls), chain-shuttling agents (zinc alkyls), and catalyst supports (magnesium alkyls) in polyolefin production. Our portfolio spans 15 metal alkyl and aluminoxane products.

Metallocene Catalyst

Single-site organometallic catalyst for olefin polymerization, consisting of a transition metal (Zr, Ti, Hf) sandwiched between cyclopentadienyl rings. Activated by aluminoxanes — our MMAO-3A and MMAO-7 serve as activators for metallocene-catalyzed PE, PP, and POE production.

MMAO (Modified Methylaluminoxane)

Aluminoxane modified with alkyl groups to improve hydrocarbon solubility. Our portfolio: MMAO-3A (7 wt% Al in heptane or methylcyclohexane) for general metallocene activation and ethylene oligomerization; MMAO-7 (7 wt% Al in Isopar E) for POE elastomer production.

MONIBAC

Isobutylaluminum dichloride (CAS 1888-87-5). Aluminum alkyl co-catalyst for Ziegler-Natta olefin polymerization. Provides controlled reactivity and selectivity in polyolefin systems. MW 155.05.

N

NBR (Nitrile Butadiene Rubber)

Synthetic rubber copolymer of acrylonitrile and butadiene. Excellent oil and fuel resistance. Our TMTD and Ziram (ZDMC) serve as vulcanization accelerators for NBR compounds in seals, gaskets, and fuel hoses.

NR (Natural Rubber)

Polyisoprene harvested from rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis). Used in tires, gloves, and engineering components. Our polymer agents — TMTD and Ziram (ZDMC) — provide controlled vulcanization with excellent scorch safety and aging resistance in NR formulations.

O

Organic Peroxide

Organic compounds containing the peroxide functional group (-O-O-). They thermally decompose to generate free radicals, making them essential as polymerization initiators, curing agents, and crosslinking agents. Our Perodox brand encompasses 43 organic peroxide products across 5 chemical families: hydroperoxides, ketone peroxides, alkyl peroxides, acyl peroxides, and ester peroxides (peroxyesters).

P

PE (Polyethylene)

The most widely produced plastic globally. LDPE uses organic peroxide initiators; HDPE/LLDPE use Ziegler-Natta or metallocene catalysts with our metal alkyl/aluminoxane co-catalysts. Peroxide-crosslinked PE (PEX) is used for pipe, cable insulation, and foam using Perodox DCP or Perodox 101.

Perodox (Brand)

Do Sender Chem's flagship brand for organic peroxides. The Perodox family spans 43 products across 5 chemical families: Hydroperoxides (K, A, TAHP); Ketone Peroxides (M/MEKP, 44B, 301, HMa); Alkyl Peroxides (B/DTBP, 14, 101, 122, 29, D, DCP, T, 22); Acyl Peroxides (L75/50PS/BPO, LUNA, 36, 187, PD); and Ester Peroxides (C/TBPB, 21, 99, 23, 127, EHP, 141, 125, 121, 42, 117, F, 133, 131, BPIC, 25, 16, 17, 24, 123, PF, 26).

Piperidine

(CAS 110-89-4). Heterocyclic amine for API intermediates (anesthetics, antipsychotics), agrochemical synthesis, rubber accelerators, and corrosion inhibitors. China Category I controlled chemical — strictest control tier. UN 2401, Class 3+8. Boiling point 106°C.

POE (Polyolefin Elastomer)

Ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymers produced via metallocene catalysis. Our MMAO-7 activator is optimized for POE production. Crosslinked POE uses Perodox 14, 101, or D for improved heat resistance in automotive, footwear, and photovoltaic applications.

Polymerization Initiator

A substance that generates free radicals to initiate chain polymerization. Our organic peroxides (Perodox) and AZO compounds (Azox) are the two main initiator classes. Key selection parameters: decomposition temperature, half-life, solubility in the monomer system, and impact on final polymer properties such as color, odor, and molecular weight distribution.

POP (Polymer Polyol / Polyether Polyol)

Graft polyols used in flexible polyurethane foam production. Our Azox AIBME serves as the initiator for POP synthesis. Produced by in-situ polymerization of styrene and acrylonitrile in a polyether polyol base.

PP (Polypropylene)

Thermoplastic polymer produced via coordination polymerization with Ziegler-Natta or metallocene catalysts. Our metal alkyls (DEAC, EASC, MONIBAC) and aluminoxanes (IBAO-65, MMAO series) serve as co-catalyst components. Controlled-rheology PP uses Perodox B (DTBP) or 122 for vis-breaking (molecular weight adjustment).

Precursor Chemical

Chemicals regulated under China's precursor chemical control regulations (Category I, II, III). Our portfolio includes 7 precursor-controlled chemicals: Acetic anhydride, Piperidine (Cat I), Butanone/MEK, Toluene, Acetone (Cat II), Sulfuric acid, Hydrochloric acid (Cat III). All supplied with full regulatory documentation.

PS / EPS (Polystyrene / Expandable Polystyrene)

PS: produced by bulk or suspension polymerization using Perodox C (TBPB), 23, 25 or Azox AIBN initiators. EPS: produced by suspension polymerization with blowing agent incorporation. Our Perodox EHP and LUNA initiators are optimized for styrenic polymerization processes.

Pultrusion

A continuous FRP manufacturing process where reinforcement fibers are pulled through a resin bath and heated die. Our Perodox 131 and 16 peroxyesters provide consistent initiation for pultrusion with balanced pot life and cure speed.

PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)

Produced primarily by suspension polymerization. Our Perodox LUNA (dilauroyl peroxide) and Perodox EHP are the key initiators for PVC production. Azox AIBN, ABVN, and ACVA also serve as PVC initiators. Our ADA blowing agent is used for foamed PVC products.

R

Radical / Free Radical

A highly reactive chemical species with an unpaired electron. Generated by thermal decomposition of initiators (organic peroxides, AZO compounds). Free radicals initiate polymerization by attacking monomer double bonds, propagating the polymer chain through successive monomer additions.

Reducing Agent

A chemical that donates electrons in a redox reaction. DIBAL-H (diisobutylaluminum hydride) is a powerful and selective reducing agent used in pharmaceutical intermediate synthesis, converting esters to aldehydes and nitriles to amines.

S

SADT (Self-Accelerating Decomposition Temperature)

The lowest ambient temperature at which a substance in its commercial packaging may undergo self-accelerating decomposition. A critical safety parameter for organic peroxide storage and transport. Peroxide formulations must be stored and shipped below their SADT — typically with temperature-controlled logistics (reefer containers).

SBR (Styrene-Butadiene Rubber)

Synthetic rubber copolymer of styrene and butadiene. The most widely used synthetic rubber, primarily in tire production. Our TMTD and Ziram (ZDMC) serve as vulcanization accelerators for SBR compounds.

Silicone Rubber

Inorganic polymer with a silicon-oxygen backbone. Peroxide-cured using Perodox 22, DCP, 14, or 101. TMAIC co-agent enhances crosslink density. Key applications: medical devices, food-grade seals, high-temperature gaskets, and electrical insulation.

Single-Site Catalyst

Catalyst systems (metallocene, post-metallocene) where all active sites are identical, producing polymers with narrow molecular weight distribution and uniform comonomer incorporation. Activated by our MMAO-3A and MMAO-7 modified aluminoxanes.

Sulfuric Acid

(CAS 7664-93-9). Essential industrial mineral acid (93-98% concentration) for phosphate fertilizers, metal pickling, petroleum alkylation, and battery acid. China Category III controlled chemical. UN 1830, Class 8. Packaging: 35-250 kg HDPE drums, 1,600 kg IBC totes, bulk ISO tanks.

Sulfur-Donor Accelerator

A vulcanization accelerator that releases sulfur during curing, forming predominantly mono- and disulfide crosslinks with superior heat aging resistance compared to conventional sulfur vulcanization. Our DPTT is a high-efficiency sulfur-donor accelerator for CR, NR, and EPDM.

Suspension Polymerization

A polymerization process where monomer droplets are suspended in water and polymerized into beads (0.1-5 mm). Used for PVC, PS, and PMMA production. Requires monomer-soluble initiators — our Perodox LUNA, EHP, and Azox AIBN are optimized for suspension PVC processes.

T

TAC

Triallyl Cyanurate (CAS 101-37-1). Tri-functional crosslinking co-agent for peroxide-cured elastomers and thermoset plastics. Improves crosslink density, heat resistance, and mechanical properties in EPDM, FKM, and polyolefin systems. White crystalline solid, purity ≥98%. MW 249.27.

TAIC

Triallyl Isocyanurate (CAS 1025-15-6). Premium tri-functional co-agent for electron beam, peroxide, and UV crosslinking. Superior radiation efficiency compared to TAC. Widely used in PE wire and cable insulation and high-voltage cable applications. White crystalline solid, purity ≥98%. MW 249.27.

TBPB (tert-Butyl Peroxybenzoate)

(CAS 614-45-9). High-temperature peroxyester initiator sold as Perodox C. Wide processing window from 100-170°C. Active oxygen 8.2%. MW 194.23. Key initiator for acrylic/styrenic polymerization (bulk, solution, suspension) and UPR elevated-temperature curing. One of our most versatile products.

TBHP (tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide)

(CAS 75-91-2). Versatile hydroperoxide initiator sold as Perodox A. Decomposition range 90-110°C. Active oxygen 17.7% — highest in our portfolio. MW 90.12. Used in emulsion and solution polymerization for acrylic resin, PS, and latex production.

TDS (Technical Data Sheet)

A comprehensive document providing technical specifications, physical/chemical properties, safe handling instructions, storage requirements, and application guidelines for a chemical product. TDS documents are available for all 53 products in our portfolio upon request.

tert-Amyl Hydroperoxide (TAHP)

tert-Amyl hydroperoxide (CAS 3425-61-4). Specialty hydroperoxide sold as Perodox TAHP. Decomposes at 100-120°C with 15.3% active oxygen. MW 104.15. Provides controlled radical generation for precise polymer architecture control in high-temperature acrylic and specialty polymer processes.

tert-Amyl Peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate

tert-Amyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate (CAS 686-31-7). Versatile peroxyester sold as Perodox 121. Broad processing window at 80-100°C with compatibility across multiple monomer systems. Optimized for copolymer production requiring consistent radical flux across varied feed compositions.

tert-Amyl Peroxybenzoate

tert-Amyl peroxybenzoate (CAS 4511-39-1). High-purity peroxyester sold as Perodox 127. Decomposes at 80-100°C for pharmaceutical intermediate synthesis and fine chemical production. Specialty grade for API manufacturing requiring controlled radical initiation.

tert-Amyl Peroxyneodecanoate

tert-Amyl peroxyneodecanoate (CAS 29240-17-3). High-purity peroxyester sold as Perodox 125. Decomposes at 85-105°C for food-contact and medical-grade polymer applications requiring ultra-low residual odor. Meets stringent regulatory requirements for sensitive end-use markets.

tert-Butyl Cumyl Peroxide

tert-Butyl cumyl peroxide (CAS 3457-61-2). Thermally stable dialkyl peroxide sold as Perodox T. High-temperature decomposition at 150-170°C for engineering plastics and specialty polymer applications. Suited for demanding automotive and high-heat environments.

tert-Butyl Monoperoxymaleate

tert-Butyl monoperoxymaleate, 40% in dibutyl maleate (CAS 1931-62-0). Phthalate-free peroxyester sold as Perodox PF. Decomposes at 80-100°C meeting evolving regulatory requirements. Drop-in replacement for conventional peroxyesters in regulated polymer applications.

tert-Butyl Peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate

tert-Butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate (CAS 3006-82-4 / CAS 690-83-5). Fast-decomposing peroxyester sold as Perodox 21 (73°C, 7.4% active oxygen, for LDPE/UPR/silicone) and Perodox 133 (70-85°C, for long pot-life FRP and large composite structures). Dual-grade platform covering both high-pressure polyolefin and thermoset curing applications.

tert-Butyl Peroxy-2-ethylhexyl Carbonate

tert-Butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexyl carbonate (CAS 34443-12-4). Optimized peroxyester sold as Perodox 117. Decomposes at 65-85°C for LDPE and PP high-pressure processes. Excellent hydrocarbon solubility ensures consistent initiator feeding in tubular and autoclave reactors.

tert-Butyl Peroxy-3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate

tert-Butyl peroxy-3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate (CAS 13122-18-4 / CAS 68299-16-1). Low-temperature peroxyester sold as Perodox 42 (55-70°C, emulsion polymerization and latex) and Perodox 123 (75-95°C, electronic-grade polymers with ultra-low metals). Dual-grade platform serving both commodity emulsion and high-purity electronics markets.

tert-Butyl Peroxy Isopropyl Carbonate

tert-Butyl peroxy isopropyl carbonate (CAS 70833-40-8 / CAS 2372-21-6). Sold as Perodox 131 (65-80°C, pultrusion and continuous lamination) and Perodox BPIC (95-115°C, 9.1% active oxygen, MW 176.21, for specialty acrylics and high-clarity polymers). Peroxyester platform spanning thermoset composites to optical-grade thermoplastics.

tert-Butyl Peroxyacetate

tert-Butyl peroxyacetate (CAS 107-71-1). Fast-initiating peroxyester sold as Perodox F. Decomposes at 50-65°C for rapid low-temperature UPR and FRP curing. Delivers quick gel and through-cure for high-productivity composite fabrication.

tert-Butyl Peroxyneodecanoate

tert-Butyl peroxyneodecanoate (CAS 26748-41-4). Cost-effective peroxyester sold as Perodox 23. Decomposes at 90-110°C for general-purpose styrenic polymerization — PS, EPS, and styrenic resins. Reliable performance in both batch and continuous production processes.

tert-Butyl Peroxypivalate

tert-Butyl peroxypivalate (CAS 927-07-1). General-purpose peroxyester sold as Perodox 25. Decomposes at 95-115°C for cost-optimized bulk styrenic polymerization. High-volume formulation for PS and EPS production delivering consistent initiator efficiency.

Thermoset / Thermosetting Polymer

A polymer that irreversibly cures to form a three-dimensional crosslinked network. Cannot be remelted after curing. Our organic peroxide curing agents (MEKP, BPO, TBPB, peroxyesters) and crosslinking co-agents (TAC, TAIC, TMPTMA) are essential for processing UPR, vinyl ester, and epoxy-based thermosets.

TMAIC

Trimethallyl Isocyanurate (CAS 6291-95-8). Multi-functional crosslinking monomer for radiation and peroxide curing of specialty fluoropolymers, silicone rubber, and high-performance elastomers. For applications requiring exceptional thermal and chemical resistance. White powder/liquid, purity ≥97%. MW 291.35.

TMPTA

Trimethylolpropane Triacrylate (CAS 15625-89-5). Highly reactive tri-functional acrylate crosslinker for UV-curable coatings, printing inks, adhesives, and radiation crosslinking of rubber/TPV. Colorless to pale yellow liquid, purity ≥95%. MW 296.32.

TMPTMA

Trimethylolpropane Trimethacrylate (CAS 3290-92-4). Tri-functional acrylate co-agent for rubber-to-metal bonding, EPDM seals, and PE crosslinking. Provides high crosslinking efficiency, low compression set, and excellent thermal stability. Colorless to pale yellow liquid, purity ≥95%. MW 338.40.

TMTD

Tetramethylthiuram Disulfide (CAS 137-26-8). Primary/secondary rubber vulcanization accelerator and sulfur donor. Widely used in NR, SBR, NBR, and CR systems. Also employed as a fungicide. White powder, purity ≥98%. MW 240.43.

3,6,9-Triethyl-3,6,9-trimethyl-1,4,7-triperoxonane

3,6,9-Triethyl-3,6,9-trimethyl-1,4,7-triperoxonane (CAS 24748-23-0). High-performance MEKP variant sold as Perodox 301. Active oxygen 8.5%. Extended pot life with rapid final cure for thick-section FRP laminates and large composite parts. Low exotherm formulation ideal for structural and construction applications.

Toluene

(CAS 108-88-3). Aromatic hydrocarbon solvent for TDI/polyurethane foam production, pharmaceutical synthesis, paints, thinners, and rubber processing. Boiling point 110.6°C. China Category II controlled chemical. UN 1294, Class 3. Packaging: 180 kg drums, 950 kg IBC totes, ISO tanks, bulk vessels.

U

UN Number

United Nations number — a four-digit code identifying hazardous substances and articles for international transport. All our classified products carry UN numbers (e.g., UN 3105 for organic peroxide Type D). Essential for shipping documentation, placarding, and emergency response.

UPR (Unsaturated Polyester Resin)

Thermoset resin cured by free-radical polymerization using organic peroxide initiators. Our MEKP, BPO, TBPB, and peroxyester products serve as curing agents for UPR in FRP boats, automotive body panels, construction panels, pipes, tanks, and gel coats.

V

Vis-breaking (Viscosity Breaking)

A controlled polymer degradation process that reduces molecular weight to achieve target melt flow properties. In PP, organic peroxides (Perodox B/DTBP, Perodox 122) selectively cleave polymer chains via beta-scission, producing controlled-rheology grades for injection molding and fiber spinning.

Vulcanization / Curing

The chemical process of converting rubber or elastomer into a durable crosslinked material. Can be achieved with: (1) sulfur + accelerators (TMTD, DPTT, Ziram ZDMC); (2) organic peroxides (Perodox DCP, 14, 101, 22); (3) peroxide + co-agent systems (DCP + TAC/TAIC/TMPTMA).

Vulcanization Accelerator

A chemical that increases the rate and efficiency of sulfur vulcanization. Our polymer agents portfolio includes thiuram accelerators (TMTD, DPTT) and dithiocarbamate accelerators (Ziram/ZDMC), each offering specific scorch safety, cure rate, and crosslink type characteristics.

W

Water-Soluble Initiator

Initiators that dissolve in aqueous media, enabling polymerization in water-based systems (emulsion, suspension, solution polymerization). Our Azox CABN, AIBA, AIBI (VA-044), and ACVA are water-soluble AZO initiators. Perodox A (TBHP) is also water-soluble and used in redox emulsion systems.

Z

Ziegler-Natta Catalyst

A heterogeneous catalyst system for olefin polymerization, typically consisting of a transition metal compound (TiCl₄) on a MgCl₂ support, activated by aluminum alkyl co-catalysts. Our metal alkyls — DEAC, DEAL-E, DIBAC, EADC, EASC, MONIBAC, ISOPRENYL — and aluminoxanes (IBAO-65, MMAO series) are essential co-catalyst components for PE/PP production.

Zinc Alkyl

Organozinc compounds (DEZ, DMZ) used in polyolefin catalysis as chain-shuttling agents and in pharmaceutical synthesis. Pyrophoric — require rigorous inert-atmosphere handling. Our portfolio includes diethylzinc and dimethylzinc.

Ziram / ZDMC

Zinc Dimethyldithiocarbamate (CAS 137-30-4). Sulfur-free ultra-fast vulcanization accelerator for NR, SBR, and latex. Excellent scorch resistance and aging properties. Effective in both dry rubber and latex compounds. White powder, purity ≥98%. MW 305.82.

A-Z Glossary

A